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발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논

 

발리의 이 아름다운 섬을 방문하여 고지대를 여행 해보자 수천 헥타르의 푸르름이 무성한 논의 멋질 뿐아니라, 화산의 상류에서부터 아래쪽의 깊은 계곡까지 계단식으로 깎아 지른듯한 절경을 볼 수 있다. 산 위부터 섬 아래 쪽으로 펼쳐진 곳 중, 따바난 르전시(Tabanan Regency) 중심부에 위치한 그림같이 뛰어난 자띠루위(Jatiluwih)는 개관식 좋은예이며, 발리의 문화적 경관을 대표하는수박(Subak)시스템으로, 2012년 6월 유네스코의 세계 문화 유산으로 지정되었다.

발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논
Photo source : www.thejakartapost.com

지난 6월, 오바마 미국 전 대통령은 그의 가족 미셸 오바마, 말리아, 나타샤와 발리의 이 특별한 장소를 거닐며 아름다움에 감탄했다.

자띠루위는 발리 말로 아름다운 트랙이란 뜻이다. 이 곳에선 산부터 바다까지 맞닿은 광대한 푸른 계단식 논에 놀라울 것이다. 농업 개발보다도, 이 엄청난 풍경으로 섬의 10대 관광지가 되었다.

발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논

해발 640m 부근의 구눙사리 오차드(Gunungsari Orchard)에서 시원한 산의 공기가 따뜻한 바닷 바람과 만난다. 언덕 꼭대기에서 신선한 공기를 들이마시고 경치도 즐기면서 평화로운 분위기를 만끽해보자. 자딸루이의 정교한 계단식 논에서 계단 사이 사이의 관개 시스템을 볼 수 있다.

 

발리의 뛰어난 계단식 논 관개 체계, 수박(Subak)

이 지역의 논들은 전통적인 수박(Subak) 관개 시스템과는 따로 생각할라고 해도 생각할 수 없으며 전통적인 방법으로 수세기 동안 잘 보존 되어 내려왔다. 이 지역의 지혜는 혀를 내두를만하다. 사실 발리는 150개의 강과 하천의 물줄기가 물을 일년 내내 공급한다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 관개용 논은 사람이 손대지 않으면 할 수가 없다. 발리의 복잡한 관개 시설은 왕의 명령에 의한 것이 아니라 마을 협동 조합을 통해 마을 사람들이 관리하고 있다. 농부들은 논에 물을 잘 대기 위해 다른 지역 사람들은 생각하기 힘든 단합을 하고 유대를 형성하여 협동 조합을 통해 성공적으로 관개를 한다.

발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논

계단식 논 가장 아래 층에서, 각각 한 수박의 농부는 한 댐에서 물을 댄다. 끌리안 수박(Klian Subak)이라고 불리는 조합장은 협동 조합원들에 의해 선출 된다. 더 큰 수박은 운하에서 뗌뻭(Tempek)이라고 부르는 가장 낮은 층으로 물을 끌어 온다. 산의 사원 또는 뿌라 마세티(Pura Masceti)과 연결 된 수박은 두 개의 호수 사원 중 하나의 영향 아래 있고, 발리 서쪽의 관계 논인 뿌라 바뚜 까우(Pura Batu Kau)와 뿌라 울룬 다누(Pura Ulun Danu)는 발리 동남부의 브라딴(Beratan) 호수의 영향을 받는다.

발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논

수중 사원은 쌀 재배 시즌에 해당하는 105일마다 축제를 개최한다.이러면서 운하 수문의 개폐 시간을 결정하여 식수와 농업용수가 가장 효율적이고 공평한 방법으로 배분되게 한다. 쌀의 여신인 바따리(Bhatari) 또는 드위 시리(Dewi Sri) 쌀의 어머니이다. 드위 시리는 발리에서만 유명하고 존경 받는 것이 아니라 인도네시아가 쌀이 주식인 만큼 자바지방 및 기타 쌀 생산지에서도 공경한다.

발리의 지혜롭고 아름다운, 놀라운 자띠루위 계단식 논

신성한 전통적 가치와 고도로 조직, 발달 된 시스템의 결합은 발리만의 독특한 발리의 쌀 양식 문화인 수박은 뜨라이 히따 까라나(Tri Hita Karana)의 본질적인 개념 그 자체로서 인간과 신의 조화, 동료간의 조화로운 관계를 유지해야 한다는 의식이 발리의 신념을 잘 반영하고 있으며, 인간과 자연

농업, 자연 유산은 자띠루위 발리에서 중요한 존재이자, 미래를 위해 지속 가능하게 유지되어야 한다.

 

가능 방법

이 논이 펼쳐져 있는 곳은 따바난 르전시(Tabanan Regency)이다. 발리의 수도인 덴파사르에서 약 40km정도 떨어져 있으며 자동차로 2시간정도 소요된다. 드라이브를 하며 테라스가 내려다 보이는 자리가 있는 카페를 지나면서부터는 더 멋지고 완벽한 풍경을 즐길 수 있다.

 

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